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|sample_mass = |surface_EVAs = 3 |surface_EVA_time = 20 hours, 14 minutes, 14 seconds First: 07 hours, 11 minutes, 02 seconds Second: 07 hours, 23 minutes, 09 seconds Third: 05 hours, 40 minutes, 03 seconds }} | payload_items = Scientific Instrument Module Lunar Roving Vehicle | cargo_mass = SIM: LRV: | instruments = | docking = | crew_size = 3 | crew_members = John W. Young Thomas K. Mattingly II Charles M. Duke, Jr. | crew_EVAs = 1 in cislunar space Plus 4 on the lunar surface | crew_EVA_duration = 1 hours, 23 minutes, 42 seconds Spacewalk to retrieve film cassettes | crew_callsign = CSM: ''Casper'' LM: ''Orion'' | crew_photo = Apollo 16 crew.jpg | crew_photo_caption = Left to right: Mattingly, Young, Duke | previous_mission = Apollo 15 | next_mission = Apollo 17 | programme = Apollo program }} Apollo 16 was the tenth manned mission in the United States Apollo space program, the fifth and penultimate to land on the Moon and the first to land in the lunar highlands. The second of the so-called "J missions," it was crewed by Commander John Young, Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke and Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly. Launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 12:54 PM EST on April 16, 1972, the mission lasted 11 days, 1 hour, and 51 minutes, and concluded at 2:45 PM EST on April 27.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16ov.html )〕 John Young and Charles Duke spent 71 hours—just under three days—on the lunar surface, during which they conducted three extra-vehicular activities or moonwalks, totaling 20 hours and 14 minutes. The pair drove the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV), the second produced and used on the Moon, . On the surface, Young and Duke collected of lunar samples for return to Earth, while Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly orbited in the Command/Service Module (CSM) above to perform observations. Mattingly spent 126 hours and 64 revolutions in lunar orbit. After Young and Duke rejoined Mattingly in lunar orbit, the crew released a subsatellite from the Service Module (SM). During the return trip to Earth, Mattingly performed a one-hour spacewalk to retrieve several film cassettes from the exterior of the Service Module.〔〔 Apollo 16's landing spot in the highlands was chosen to allow the astronauts to gather geologically older lunar material than the samples obtained in the first four landings, which were in or near lunar maria. Samples from the Descartes Formation and the Cayley Formation disproved a hypothesis that the formations were volcanic in origin.〔 ==Crew== Mattingly had originally been assigned to the prime crew of Apollo 13, but was exposed to the measles through Duke, at that time on the back-up crew for Apollo 13, who had caught it from one of his children. He never contracted the illness, but was nevertheless removed from the crew and replaced by his backup, Jack Swigert, three days before the launch. Young, a captain in the United States Navy, had flown on three spaceflights prior to Apollo 16: Gemini 3, Gemini 10 and Apollo 10, which orbited the Moon. One of 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966, Duke had never flown in space before Apollo 16. He served on the support crew of Apollo 10 and was a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) for Apollo 11.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/duke-cm.html )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Apollo 16」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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